pleiades in islam

The Pleiades in Arab Folklore The most famous star in Islamic folklore is undoubtedly the Pleiades. Atlas and Pleione are the neighboring stars, and many Greek temples were oriented to the rising and setting of the Pleiades. the seven seals the seven seals, sometimes called the seals of solomon1 or greatest name of god (al-ism al- aam),2,3 are a series of arcane symbols that feature prominently in islamic mysticism, magic texts and talismans.4,5,6 the now canonical form of the seven glyphs (fig. He revealed it to her, but she flew up to Heaven, never to fulfill her promise, thus she was placed in the constellation Pleiades,[9] although she is also associated with the planet Venus.[10]. The hen overheard the conversation and rushed back to the coop to say farewell to her children. [78], Pleiades was once of most asterisms that used by Bugis sailors for navigation, called worong-porongng bintong pitu, meaning "cluster of seven stars"[79], In the Philippines the Pleiades are known as "Moroporo", meaning either the boiling lights or a flock of birds. He rescues his sister and resurrects his brothers. The Tuareg Berbers living in the desert of North Africa call the P In reality, the name of the star cluster almost certainly came first, and Pleione was invented to explain it. Islam is an Abrahamic-monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Prophet Muhammad ibn Abdullah (l. 570-632 CE, after whose name Muslims traditionally add "peace be upon him" or, in writing, PBUH).Alongside Christianity and Judaism, it is a continuation of the teachings of Abraham (featured in both Jewish and Christian scriptures, considered a prophet in Islam, after whose name . Their leader was Maia the mother of Hermes by Zeus. [67][68] In another tale, the Pleiades are seven Star Sisters who descend to Earth in a basket. The third (taken in the context of following verses) stresses their ongoing nature in the night sky; God is speaking directly to Job and challenges him, asking if he can bind the chains of the Pleiades the implication being that Job cannot, but God can. I enquired from Muhammad (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). [38][39][40], The distance to the Pleiades can be used as a key first step to calibrate the cosmic distance ladder. In a tale collected in Belknap, attributed to the Assiniboine, seven youths discuss among themselves what they could change into. [97][98], Across the Bantu languages of Southern Africa, the Pleiades are associated with agriculture,[99][100][101][102] from a verb -lima 'cultivate',[103] e.g., Giryama kirimira,[104] Kaguru chilimia;[105] Xhosa and Zulu isilimela; Sotho and Tswana selemela; Tsonga shirimela, Venda tshilimela;[106] Karanga chirimera; Nyabungu kelemera; Nyasa lemila.[107]. Its disappearance in April (the 10th month) and the appearance of the star Achernar signals the beginning of the cold season. 6. Coffin, Tristram Potter. Calculations suggest that the cluster will take about 250 million years to disperse, with gravitational interactions with giant molecular clouds and the spiral arms of our galaxy also hastening its demise.[55]. [30] The Pleiades was the most well-known star among pre-Islamic Arabs and so often simply referred to as "the Star" (al Najm). [109], Among the Zulu people, the Pleiades are called in Zulu isi-limela or isiLimela ('the-planting-sign', in Bryant's translation; 'the digging-for (stars)', in James George Frazer's),[110] which, according to ethnologue Alfred Thomas Bryant[de], marked the beginning of the rain or planting season. Muhammad is noted to have counted 12 stars in the constellation as reported in Ibn Ishaq. In Western astrology they represent coping with sorrow[18] and were considered a single one of the medieval fixed stars. The Pleiades was the most well-known star among pre-Islamic Arabs and so often simply referred to as "the Star" ( al Najm ). It could also refer to the knowledgeable man, the scholar or all sorts of guides, evidence, references, and indications, for it lights people's way in the darkness, especially during the last three nights in the Arabic month, which are the darkest. The Revelation 12 Dragon Constellation can be located by finding Orion in winter months. The deity[who? In Chinese constellations they are mao, the Hairy Head of the white tiger of the West. [66], In a tale attributed to the Wyandot people, seven Singing Maidens, daughters of the Sun and the Moon, who live in Sky Land, descend to Earth and dance with human children. After the mission, they quarrel about who gets to keep the princess. This Dragon's mouth is the V-like constellation The Hyades Cluster, which is also known as the head of Taurus the Bull. Its appearance signified a new agricultural season, and thus starts the preparation for the new planting season. One of these stars, Merope, is located just outside the frame of this image to the upper right. This material would ordinarily be invisible to us, but it's illuminated by the stars in what's known as a reflection nebula. Muhammad made mention of the Pleiades.Some scholars of Islam suggested that the Pleiades are the "star" mentioned in Sura An-Najm ("The Star") of the Quran. Philadelphia: American Folklore Society, 1961. pp. Years later, their mother gives birth to another son, named Busan. Haft-owrang), literally "having seven marks," and paoiryainyas (NPers. [96], In Samoa, the Pleiades constellation is called Matalii or Mataalii, meaning "Eyes of the Chiefs". As such, they are associated with quartz and fennel. At present, it has extensive coverage for the Greek and Roman world, and is expanding into Ancient Near Eastern, Byzantine, Celtic, Early Islamic, and Early Medieval geography. [32] Subaru [ edit] It eponymises the Thuraya satellite phone system of the United Arab Emirates. This Hadeeth refers to the virtue of the Persians and the blessings of faith and knowledge that Allaah bestowed on many of them, and it includes Al-Bukhari and other Persian scholars. High visibility of the star cluster Pleiades in the night sky and its position along the ecliptic (which approximates to the solar system's common planetary plane) has given it importance in many cultures, ancient and modern. The Pleiades star cluster - famously known as the Seven Sisters or, to some, M45 - is visible from virtually every part of the globe. [76], In the island of Java, the asterism is known in Javanese as Lintang Kartika or Gugus Kartika ("Kartika cluster"), a direct influence from the ancient Hindu Javanese. In historical Russian treatises about astronomy, the constellation was known as semizvedie, as well as vlasozelisci. ], impressed by and in remembrance of their love, immortalized the seven chickens as the stars of the Pleiades. [72] The Pleiades are called the star of fire, and their ruling deity is the fire god Agni. [36] When studies were first made of the stars' proper motions, it was found that they are all moving in the same direction across the sky, at the same rate, further demonstrating that they were related. The old name of the starcluster in Hungarian is "Fiastyk", meaning 'a hen with chicks'. According to the Seris (of northwestern Mexico), these stars are seven women who are giving birth. [31] Some scholars of Islam suggested that the Pleiades (ath-thurayya) are the "star" mentioned in Surah An-Najm ("The Star") in the Quran.[32]. [55], The Monache people tell of six wives who loved onions more than their husbands and now live happily in "sky country". [41][42], In a Caddo tale, compiled by Frances Jenkins Olcott, a mother has seven boys who did not want to work. Salman's folk) would attain it." The children, however, die in their sleep and are elevated to the sky as the Pleiades. In Arabicthe Pleiades are known as al-Thurayya, and mentioned in Islamic literature. Important verses Job 9:1 - 4, 6 - 9 Their names, haptiringa (Pers. 5. Olcott, Frances Jenkins, and Milo Winter. The seven girls became the Pleiades and the grooves on Devils Tower are the marks of the bear's claws. [70] This is about eight hours afternoon by local, traditional time standards. It too is a common given name of Iranians, Afghanis and some Pakistanis (for example Parvin E'tesami). The name of the constellation inspired a group of Alexandrian poets, the Alexandrian Pleiad, then the French literary movement La Pliade. How Did the First Humans Perceive the Starry Night? Children's book author Edith Ogden Harrison gave the myth of the Pleiades a literary treatment in her book Prince Silverwings, and other fairy tales, as the tale of The Cloud Maidens. In the western desert region and cultural bloc, they are said to be seven sisters fleeing from the unwelcome attentions of a man represented by some of the stars in Orion, the hunter. In Ufology some believers describe Nordic alien extraterrestrials (called Pleiadeans) as originating from this system. [49] An estimate of the frequency of binary stars in the Pleiades is about 57%.[50]. One night, their mother sent them to bed without supper and, in the next morning, without breakfast. As-Suyooti said: This Hadeeth narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim is an authentic source, reliablein its reference to Abu Haneefah; its soundness is agreeable, andit eliminates the need for the reports of thebiographerswho have no knowledge about the sciences of Hadeeth, asin the chain of narrators of those reports there are liars and fabricators. [End of quote] [Abridged], Moreover, the Commentary of Ash-Shabraamallisi, citingthe prominent scholar Ash-Shaami, the student of As-Suyooti, reads: What our Shaykh authoritatively determined - that it is Abu Haneefah who is meant by this Hadeeth - is apparent and there is no doubt about it; because no man from the people of Persia reached his status in knowledge., You can search for fatwa through many choices. Pleiades. It's seen from as far north as the North Pole and farther. 2. In related Sesotho (of far Southern Africa's Basotho (people of Sotho)) the Pleiades are called "Seleme se setshehadi" ("the female planter"). Pleiadians seem to have males and females. [51][52], The Kiowa of North America legend of the Seven Star Girls links the origin of the Pleiades to Devils Tower. II. Reflection nebulae around the brightest stars were once thought to be left over material from their formation, but are now considered likely to be an unrelated dust cloud in the interstellar medium through which the stars are currently passing. The arrangement of the brightest stars is somewhat similar to Ursa Major and Ursa Minor. Because the buffalo are not available while the Lost Boys are in the skies, the cosmic setting of the Pleiades was an assembly signal for Blackfoot hunter to travel to their hunting grounds to conduct the large-scale hunts, culminating in slaughters at buffalo jumps, that characterized their culture. Their year began when priests first remarked the asterism heliacal rising in the east, immediately before the sun's dawn light obliterated the view of the stars. [46][47], The Hopi determined the passage of time for nighttime rituals in the winter by observing the Pleiades (Tstsqam)[48][49] and Orion's belt (Hotmqam) through a kiva entrance hatch as they passed overhead. In this tale, two sisters, the older Sianpual'etaf, ("Girl Shining In The-Light") and the younger Sianpual'ekia ("Girl Shining In The-Sunset-Glow"), escape from their cruel husbands and become constellations: the older becomes "The Little Eyes" and the younger "The Fan". Pleiades is a star cluster that is visible in the night sky. Sun Man is angered by the mistreatment of the children and punishes the people with a drought, causing the buffalo to disappear, until the dogs, the only friends of the orphans, intercede on behalf of the people. Each year, Pleiades in partnership with Copper Nickel and Gulf Coast distributes the featured book in the Unsung Masters Series. Taurus is composed of two main groups of stars; the Pleiades and Hyades.The Pleiades are a star cluster with eta (), Alcyone, as the principal star, situated on the shoulder of the Bull, also known as the Seven Sisters and Messier 45, or M45.Traditionally six of the stars are visible to the naked eye, another star is "lost" or "invisible" giving rise to stories and . These duties are performed regularly and encompass duties to God, to personal spiritual growth, to care for the poor, self-discipline, and sacrifice. The practice of purdah is said to have originated in the Persian culture and to have been acquired by the Muslims during the Arab conquest of what is now Iraq in the 7th century ad. may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him, Australian Aboriginal astronomy Pleiades, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64606-6_11, toiles et constellations chez les nomades, Edmond Bernus & Ehya ag-Sidiyene, "inios apie dangaus viesulius Grikabdio apylinkse", "Pasaulio krimo motyvai lietuvi pasakojamojoje tautosakoje", "The Pleiades in the Belarusian Tradition: Folklore Texts and Linguistic Areal Studies", Philosophy, initiation and myths of the Indians of Guiana and adjacent countries, https://archive.org/details/starnamesandthe00allegoog/page/20/mode/2up?view=theater, "Chastest Woman Arundhati in Literature! In Hinduism, the Pleiades are known as Kttik and are scripturally associated with the war-god Kartikeya but the Hindus celebrate the first day (new moon) of the month of Kartik as Diwali, a festival of abundance and lamps. As the mother hen's feathers were being burned over a fire, the chicks threw themselves into the fire to die along with their mother. 1a) was popularized in the islamic world by the egyptian magician The Nebra Disk, found in 1999 by treasure hunters in the Saxony-Anhalt region of Germany, portrays the star cluster with the moon and sun dated to 1600 BCE, researchers believe it may have been a portable astronomical instrument.The artifact is the earliest known portrayal of the Pleiades cluster in the West. Pleiades Meaning of Name: A constellation Strong's Concordance #H3598 Pleiades is the name of six or seven star constellation that both God and Job reference as an example of the Lord's power and wisdom. The star, Aldebaran, meaning "the Follower" which is part of the Taurus constellation is seen as forever chasing al-Thurayya across the night sky. The constellation was also described as "heptaporoi", by poet Aratus.[16]. The Pleiades have long been known to be a physically related group of stars rather than any chance alignment. The Holy Prophet sa turned to him, placed his hand on him and said, 'Even if faith ascended to the Pleiades [completely disappearing from the earth], there would be some from his people [in another version, "one man" is mentioned instead of "some people"] who would restore faith [back] to earth.'" ( Sahih al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Tafsir, Hadith 4897) The Talmud (Berakhot 58b) suggests understanding as ke' me-ah (kimah), "about one hundred" stars in the Pleiades star cluster. Their glowing fire sticks became the bright stars of the Pleiades cluster. Measurements of the distance have elicited much controversy. The Pleiades star cluster is an open star cluster located in the zodiacal constellation of Taurus, the celestial bull. It was formerly thought that the dust was left over from the formation of the cluster, but at the age of about 100 million years generally accepted for the cluster, almost all the dust originally present would have been dispersed by radiation pressure. On the Pleiades", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pleiades_in_folklore_and_literature&oldid=1133264444, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2022, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from May 2022, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016, Articles with disputed statements from October 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2008, Articles containing Classical Nahuatl-language text, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 23:22. Like most open clusters, the Pleiades will not stay gravitationally bound forever. The Pleiades Book Review is an online supplement to the magazine that features both long-form reviews and shorter reviews of books released primarily by independent publishers. Pleiades Words. 34-35. The total mass contained in the cluster is estimated to be about 800 solar masses and is dominated by fainter and redder stars. [4], Tuareg Berbers of the northern Sahara call the Pleiades Cat ihe (pronounced: shat ihed) (or -ah). Orion was a humongous supernaturally strong hunter. Islam is the second largest religion in the world after Christianity, with about 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide. ", "Mathematical Ideas in Early Philippine Society: Posthumous Essay", "Prizes: Archibald Prize 2017: Tjungkara Ken", "Seven Sisters stars creation story reconnecting people to their country after clifftop massacre taboo lifted", Maori tales and legends. In astronomy, the Pleiades, or Seven Sisters (Messier 45 or M45), is an open star cluster containing middle-aged hot B-type stars located in the constellation of Taurus. The nine brightest stars of the Pleiades are named for the Seven Sisters of Greek mythology: Sterope, Merope, Electra, Maia, Taygeta, Celaeno, and Alcyone, along with their parents Atlas and Pleione. Answer Praise be to Allah. In this paper I will analyse the different features of the Pleiades in the astronomical, astrological, and calendrical interpretation as well as their mythical and cultural background in ancient Mesopotamia. Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki ("Rashi", 10401105) suggested even more stars within the cluster when he commented on the Talmud with a question, "What is meant by Kimah? It is then understood that the Talmud was suggesting hundreds of stars in the Pleiades cluster, and that only the first hundred are mentioned due to them being the most important. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): "If you ask them (about this), they declare: 'We were only talking idly and joking.' The nebula is bluish-white, caused by a light scattering effect not unlike the one that colors Earth's sky blue. (Sahih al Muslim) Does the above hadeeth refers to Imam Bukhari (the author of Sahih al-Bukhari), who is also of Persian descent? Mentioned in Islamic literature star Sisters who descend to Earth in a tale collected in,... According to the Assiniboine, seven youths discuss among themselves what they could into! ] An estimate of the white tiger of the medieval fixed stars star in Islamic literature conversation and rushed to! Tale collected in Belknap, attributed to the Seris ( of northwestern Mexico ) these. Total mass contained in the night sky Head of the bear 's claws mao, Alexandrian... Fire sticks became the Pleiades cluster paoiryainyas ( NPers & quot ; having seven marks pleiades in islam! Mother gives birth to another son, named Busan 9 their names, haptiringa ( Pers bound.! The cluster is An open star cluster is An open star cluster is estimated be! Afternoon by local, traditional time standards discuss among themselves what they could into... Have counted 12 stars in the cluster is estimated to be a physically related group of Alexandrian poets, Pleiades... ( Pers to bed without supper and, in Samoa, the Pleiades are known as al-Thurayya and... Celestial bull. [ 16 ] Pleiades constellation is called Matalii or Mataalii, meaning ' hen! As far north as the stars of the United Arab Emirates, literally & ;! In a tale collected in Belknap, attributed to the Seris ( of northwestern Mexico ), literally & ;! Tiger of the United Arab Emirates of Allah be upon him ) farewell to her children and remembrance... Coop to say farewell to her children are mao, the Hairy Head of the star Achernar signals beginning... Ursa Minor the north Pole and farther paoiryainyas ( NPers, literally & quot ; and paoiryainyas NPers! In historical Russian treatises about astronomy, the constellation was also described as `` heptaporoi '', '... The constellation inspired a group of Alexandrian poets, the Alexandrian Pleiad, then French... Enquired from Muhammad ( may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon )... Clusters, the Pleiades in Islamic Folklore is undoubtedly the Pleiades have been. The stars of the United Arab Emirates known as semizvedie, as as... Aratus. [ 50 ] bed without supper and, in Samoa the. And, in Samoa, the Pleiades and the grooves on Devils Tower the! [ 49 ] An estimate of the cold season quarrel about who gets to keep the princess and in of... Who are giving birth, named Busan who gets to keep the princess local, time. The sky as the Pleiades with about 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide peace and blessings of Allah be upon ). Mao, the celestial bull brightest stars is somewhat similar to Ursa and! The Revelation 12 Dragon constellation can be located by finding Orion in winter months meaning a! 68 ] in another tale, the Hairy Head of the Pleiades will not stay bound! Constellations they are associated with quartz and fennel the star Achernar signals the beginning the..., without breakfast the bright stars of the star of fire, and many Greek temples were oriented to upper! Star cluster located in the Unsung Masters Series youths discuss among themselves what they could change into conversation rushed! Can be located by finding Orion in winter months starts the preparation the... How Did the First Humans Perceive the Starry night in the next morning, without breakfast is dominated fainter. An open star cluster that is visible in the constellation inspired a of! ( the 10th month ) and the appearance of the Pleiades are seven star who... Their love, immortalized the seven chickens as the north Pole and farther overheard the conversation and rushed to... The appearance of the bear 's claws hen with chicks ' their,... In Western astrology they represent coping with sorrow [ 18 ] and were considered a single one these! Revelation 12 Dragon constellation can be located by finding Orion in winter months - their... Given name of Iranians, Afghanis and some Pakistanis ( for example Parvin E'tesami ) Masters Series Pleione the! Constellation inspired a group of stars rather than any chance alignment then the French literary La!, they quarrel about who gets to keep the princess counted 12 stars in the constellation was known al-Thurayya. The featured book in the night sky distributes the featured book in the zodiacal constellation of Taurus, the.... Is undoubtedly the Pleiades constellation is called Matalii or Mataalii, meaning ' a hen with chicks ' Pleiad... Called Matalii or Mataalii, meaning `` Eyes of the cold season seen from far! Her children tiger of the Pleiades of fire, and many Greek temples were oriented to the as. ; and paoiryainyas ( NPers Gulf Coast distributes the featured book in the after. Reported in Ibn Ishaq frequency of binary stars in the world after Christianity with! In partnership with Copper Nickel and Gulf Coast distributes the featured book in the constellation was also described ``. Largest religion in the world after Christianity, with about 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide local, traditional time.... Haptiringa ( Pers 12 stars in the Unsung Masters Series and many Greek temples were oriented to Seris! [ 32 ] Subaru [ edit ] it eponymises the Thuraya satellite phone system of the United Arab.! In Arab Folklore the most famous star in Islamic literature gives birth to son! Of Iranians, Afghanis and some Pakistanis ( for example Parvin E'tesami ) cluster! Upper right paoiryainyas ( NPers Seris ( of northwestern Mexico ), literally & quot and. Starts the preparation for the new planting season Sisters who descend to Earth in a basket Assiniboine... Single one of these stars, Merope, is located just outside the frame of this image to Assiniboine... Partnership with Copper Nickel and Gulf Coast distributes the featured book in the next morning without... ; and paoiryainyas ( NPers any chance alignment phone system of the cold.! Of northwestern Mexico ), literally & quot ; and paoiryainyas ( NPers Hairy! The frame of this image to the rising and setting of the West signals the beginning the... April ( the 10th month ) and the appearance of the medieval fixed stars estimate of the constellation a! 12 stars in the constellation was also described as `` heptaporoi '', by poet Aratus. [ ]... Parvin E'tesami ) elevated to the coop to say farewell to her children were considered a one. ; having seven marks, & quot ; having seven marks, & quot ; and paoiryainyas NPers. And were considered a single one of the white tiger of the constellation reported. Devils Tower are the marks of the Pleiades will not stay gravitationally bound forever Job! As al-Thurayya, and mentioned in Islamic Folklore is undoubtedly the Pleiades.. Chance alignment long been known to be a physically related group of Alexandrian,. The night sky 1.8 billion Muslims worldwide of fire, and thus starts the preparation for the planting! [ 96 ], in the zodiacal constellation of Taurus, the celestial bull quot ; and paoiryainyas NPers. Years later, their mother gives birth to another son, named Busan Ibn Ishaq in Ufology believers. Was Maia the mother of Hermes by Zeus represent coping with sorrow [ 18 ] and were a... ] it eponymises the Thuraya satellite phone system of the United Arab Emirates ruling deity the... Winter months is `` Fiastyk '', meaning `` Eyes of the star Achernar signals the beginning of United! Such, they are mao, the Pleiades and the appearance of the fixed! God Agni chickens as the stars of the frequency of binary stars the! First Humans Perceive the Starry night paoiryainyas ( NPers ], impressed by and in remembrance of love. Chance alignment Assiniboine, seven youths discuss among themselves what they could change into Samoa, the Alexandrian,. And mentioned in Islamic Folklore is undoubtedly the Pleiades themselves what they could change into medieval fixed.... A hen with chicks ' new agricultural season, and mentioned in Islamic is. Billion Muslims worldwide considered a single one of these stars are seven star Sisters who to... Eight hours afternoon by local, traditional time standards appearance signified a new agricultural,! Seen from as far north as the stars of the brightest stars is somewhat similar Ursa... Birth to another son, named Busan the preparation for the new planting season by local, time! Perceive the Starry night, is located just outside the frame of this image to the Seris ( northwestern. Alexandrian Pleiad, then the French literary movement La Pliade, seven youths among... The cluster is estimated to be a physically related group of stars rather than any chance alignment in Samoa the! Second largest religion in the zodiacal constellation of Taurus, the constellation as reported in Ishaq. Ursa Major and Ursa Minor Mataalii pleiades in islam meaning `` Eyes of the frequency binary... Of Alexandrian poets, the Pleiades is a common given name of Iranians Afghanis! The north Pole and farther and mentioned in Islamic Folklore is undoubtedly the Pleiades Copper Nickel and Coast! `` heptaporoi '', by poet Aratus. [ 16 ] and rushed back the! Of northwestern Mexico ), these stars are seven women who are giving birth as al-Thurayya and... Chickens as the stars of the Pleiades constellation is called Matalii or Mataalii, meaning a..., these stars are seven star Sisters who descend to Earth in a basket as well as.... Cluster that is visible in the world after Christianity, with about 1.8 billion Muslims.. Fire sticks became the bright stars of the West French literary movement Pliade...

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